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新目标英语中考系列五:短语动词和句型(一)
作者:李岩 发表于2011-10-12 23:14:37 】 浏览:8681次 评论:0

新目标英语中考系列五:短语动词和句型

 

 

 

【考点直击】
1.
短语动词的辨析;
2.
英语句子的基本句型结构;
3.
初中阶段主要句型的用法。
【名师点睛】
   
短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语
动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。
1.
短语动词的分类
(1)
动词+介词
常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:
Don’t laugh at others.
Tom asked his parents for a bike.
(2)
动词+副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:
You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don’t forget to hand it in.
(3)
动词+副词+介词
常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4)
动词+名词+介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5)
动词+形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6)
动词+名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
2.
短语动词的辨析
(1)be made in
(在……生产或制造),be made of(……组成或构成)
(2)come down(
下来;)come along(来;随同)come to oneself(苏醒)come true(实现)come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来)come over(过来;顺便来访),come in(进来)come on(来吧;跟着来;赶快), come up with(找到;提出
)
(3)do one’s best(
尽最大努力), do well in(……干得好), do one’s homework(做作业)do some reading(阅读
)
(4)fall asleep(
入睡)fall behind(落在…..后面)fall off(……掉下)fall down(到下;跌倒
)
(5)get down(
下来;落下)get on(上车)get to(到达)get up(起床)get back(回来;取回)get off(下来)get on well with(……相处融洽)get married(结婚)get together(相聚
)
(6)give up(
放弃)give…a hand(给与……帮助)give a concert(开音乐会
)
(7)go back(
回去)go on(继续)go home(回家)go to bed(睡觉)go over(过一遍;仔细检查)go out(外出;到外面)go wrong(走错路)go on doing(继续做某事)go shopping(买东西)go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)go hiking(去徒步旅行)go skating(去滑冰)go straight along(沿着……一直往前走
)
(8)have a look(
看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(进行体育活动), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(过得愉快), have a headache(头痛),have a try(
    
试;努力
)
(9)look for(
寻找)look out(留神; 注意)look over(仔细检查)look up(向上看;抬头看)look after(照顾; 照看)look at(看; 观看)look like(看起来像)look the same(看起来像)

(10)make friends(
交朋友)make phone calls(打电话)make money(赚钱)make the bed(整理床铺)make a noise(吵闹)make a faces(做鬼脸)make one’s way to(……走去)make room for(……腾出地方)make a decision(做出决定)make a mistake(犯错误)make up one’s mind(下决心)
(11)put on(
上演;穿上;戴上)put up(挂起;举起)put down(把某物放下来)put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟
)
(12)take off(
脱掉衣服)take photos(照相)take time(花费时间)take out(取出)take a seat(坐下)take an active part in(积极参加)take care of(照顾;照料;注意)take exercise(做运动)take one’s place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务)take turn(轮流
)
(13)talk about(
谈话;交谈)talk with(……交谈
)
(14)turn on(
打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等)turn off(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等)turn down(关小;调低)turn…over(…..翻过来
)
(15)think of(
认为;想起)think about(考虑
)
3.
句子的基本句型结构

根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。  
(1)
主语+连系动词+表语。例如:

My mother is a doctor.
Her voice sounds nice.
(2)
主语+不及物动词。例如:
He runs fast.
We study hard.
(3)
主语+及物动词

Tags:新目标英语中考系列五 责任编辑:李岩
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