直接引语和间接引语
直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
Eg: He said, "I like English."（直接） > He said (that) he likes English.（间接）
一．直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导（口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1.人称的变化：
Eg:(1) Tom asked me, "Can you help me ?"
>Tom asked me if I could help him.
(2) "I'm going to invite my friends to have dinner." Jane told me on the phone.
>Jane told me on the phone she was going to invite her friends to have dinner.
(3) The teacher said, "John, you must bring your book to the class."
>The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.
(4) He said to me, "Can I use your bike?"
>He asked me if/whether he could use my bike.
(5) She asked him, "Would you like to go shopping with me?"
>She asked him if/whether he would like to go with her.
2.时态的变化：
如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态变化的一般规律如下：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
can could
may might
Eg: (1) "What are you doing?" My mother asked me.
>My mother asked me what I was doing.
(2) "I have been to Shanghai twice." She said to us.
>She said to us (that) she had been to Shanghai twice.
(3) She asked me,"Will you go to the party?"
>She asked me if/whether I would go to the party.
(4) He told us, "We cleaned the classroom."
>He told us (that) they had cleaned the classroom.
(5) Tom said to me, "I can speak Chinese."
>Tom said to me (that) he could speak Chinese.
(6) He said, " Are you angry with me ?"
>He asked me if/whether I was angry with him.
3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：
( 详见课本100页）
Eg: (1) She said, " I like this book." >He said (that) he liked that book.
(2) He told us, "Mr Black will come here tonight."
>He told us (that) Mr Black would go there that night.
(3) His brother said, "I'm coming tomorrow."
>His brother said (that) he was going the next day.
(4) The teacher told us, " I will go to Beijing next week."
>The teacher told us (that) she would go to Beijing the next week.
(5) The boy said, "I played computer games yesterday."
>The boy said (that) he had played computer games the day before.
注意：直接引语变间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述，today,yesterday,tomorrow 等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here 也不必改为 there ，come 也不必改为go. 另外，在过去时的引述动词之后，当转述客观真理或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在任然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。
Eg: (1) The teacher told us, " He is a good student. "
>The teacher told us (that) he is a good student.
(2) He said, " Light travels much faster than sound."
>He said that light travels much faster than sound.
二．直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
1.直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或 if 引导。主句中的谓语动词是said 时，要改为asked. 没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me,him或 us等）。
Eg: (1) John said, " Do you often write to your parents?"
>John asked (me) if I often wrote to my parents.
(2) Sally said, " Will you stay with me this afternoon?"
>Sally asked us whether we would stay with her that afternoon.
2.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
Eg: (1) "What can I do for you?" he asked me.
>He asked me what he could do for me.
三．直接引语如果是祈使句，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式，并再不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，其句型是:
tell / ask / order someone (not) to do something
Eg: (1) " Come in and sit down, please." she said to us.
>She asked us to come in and sit down.
(2) " Don't be so nervous, John. " the teacher said.
>The teacher told John not to be nervous.
注意：祈使句改为间接引语时，是变成动词不定式，而不是一个从句。方法是：一改、二变、三加、四去。
即：一改：said (to) 改为 asked 或 told, order；
二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为 asked 等的宾语；
三加：即在动词原形前加to ，使其成为不定式；
四去：去掉please.
