目前中学英语教学中,科目多,任务重,很多老师每天在家庭、学校、班级里穿梭,忙得焦头烂额,但还是认真批改学生的作业。然而大多时候,老师只关注到了这个单词学生有没有拼写正确,这道题学生有没有做对,作业上仅仅留下对错符号和日期,有些教师千篇一律批一个“阅”,至于阅没阅就无从考究了。长此以往,学生会对单调的批语产生厌烦情绪,作业发下来直接放到一旁,到下次做作业时才重新翻开。这样的话对写生的帮助并不是很大。然而好的教学批语则能起到“对症下药”的目的。下面结合自身教学实践浅谈对批语的几点体会。
批语忌千篇一律的“good”, “very good”等,好的批语要多姿多彩,变化多端,使得每次作业发到手时内心产生一种悬念,这次老师会对我作何评价啊?甚至与其他同学对比,看老师对谁的评价更高,从而激发学习的积极性,更加认真得对待作业。作业批语最重要的要有针对性,针对不同的学生,不同的情况,写不同的批语。
一、常规性批语:
这种批语是针对那些学习努力,作业认真的,一些简单而富有变化的形容词就可以起到鼓励的作用了,例如:用下列词汇表扬学生的作业., Fine!, Excellent!, fantastic, Wonderful!, Brilliant!, Outstanding, Super, Great , Remarkable, Superlative, Fabulous, Impressive, Satisfactory, Amazing, Terrific, Enjoyable, Magic, Superb, Marvelous, Well done!, Not bad!, Pretty good, Nice going!, Way to go, Keep it up, Couldn’t be better, That’s terrific, You really did a good job, We're so proud of you, You are my pride, You're so smart, Carry on your good work等等的一些简短的批语,既能让学生体会到老师对自己的关注,又能让学生学会一些用于评价的英语词汇。事实证明,学生对一些陌生的评价语是很感兴趣的,又一次一名学生拿作业本问上边写的一个英语评语是什么意思,当我告诉他那是说他作业写得非常棒时,他脸上流露出欣喜的表情。
二、劝勉性批语:
这种批语是针对那些暂时落后的孩子们的。一次考试的失败常常会使一些努力上进却力不从心的学生遭受打击,学习春风得意的学生不需要老师再加以表扬锦上添花,而这些学生需要老师一句鼓励的话语雪中送炭。有时,一个温暖的眼神,一句宽慰的话语,一张洋溢鼓励的笑脸可能就会使陷入情绪低谷的学生重新找回自信。
劝勉式批语可以这样来写:
Never mind. It's no big deal. That's really nothing. Just give it another try.
Keep your chin up. Remember that everything happens for the best.
Look at the bright side of your life.
Just try your hardest. Go for it.
You never know what you can do till you try.
I am so sorry that you failed the exam. Don't lose heart. Anyhow, that's not the end of the world.
The world won't come to an end if you don't pass the test, so don't be overly worried.
I see that you are in low spirits these days. I'd like to cheer you up with the saying Failure is the mother of success.
I am willing to help whenever you are in need of help. Don't hesitate to come to me if you have problems.
劝勉性批语大可借助一些名言警句,增强说服力,同时也让学生扩展视野。日常教学中可以用到以下批语:
All is not lose. No pain, no gain. Tomorrow is another day.
Hard work leads to success while failure often lies in laziness.
Failure doesn't mean you've been disgrace; It does mean you are willing to try.
Failure doesn't mean you don't have it; it does mean you have to do something in a different way.
Failure doesn't mean you are inferior; it means you are not perfect.
Success belongs to the persevering.
Every person has the right to fail; no one can be best at everything.
No one can win all the time; that's not the end of the world, anyhow.
Constant drippings wear away the stone.
Diligence is the mother of success.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
The surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick your goal.
当然,有些批语如若有生词,或者句子较为复杂,抑或易产生歧义,教师可以加上相应的汉语注释。实践证明,学生很喜欢这类批语,尤其是对那些考试失利的学生而言更是好言一句三春暖,使他们真切地体会到即使他们对自己绝望,老师也不对自己放弃希望,真实地感受到老师对自身的关心和支持,同时这也不失为增进师生感情的一种好方法。
三、鼓励式批语
鼓励能起到正激励的作用,能够激发学生的学习动机,更能调动学生学习和创作的积极性,使他们以更加积极的态度对待学习。每个人都希望得到表扬,一句赞赏的话几乎可以让人心情愉悦一整天,这对于自尊心强荣誉感强的中学生来说更是如此。鼓励和赞赏能够把学生往好的方向引导,及时的正面强化能够增强学生的自信心,得到老师的鼓励和赞许是每个学生的愿望,而后进生尤其如此。在写作业批语时,要客观、公正对尤其是对成绩稍差的学生有所侧重,要注意连续性,让学生看到自己的进步,从而产生积极、向上的情感动力,每一次批语要反馈该生近期的进步,及时给予鼓励,并保持一定的连续性,让优等生看到赞许,让稍落后学生看到希望,促使他们不断努力。学生字迹改善了,作业比之前交的勤了,学习态度更认真了,都能成为批语的话题。例如:
Your handwriting has improved a lot. Congratulations!
Try harder. I am sure you will make greater progress.
You have greatly improved these days. I wish you success in whatever you do.
Ibelieve you can do it . You're on your way. You're catching on.
Recently you have changed a lot. I am so glad to see that.
The harder you work, the sooner you will improve.
Keep it up! Remember that little by little one goes far.
You have done so much. You are bound to pass the exam.
结果表明绝大多数学生喜欢这类批语。一般来说,肯定的评价可以进一步激发学生的学习积极性,提高学习兴趣。然而鼓励式批语运用要适度,对于一些稍加表扬就沾沾自喜,容易骄傲的学生来说,适度的否定评价会起到更好的效果。否定的评价往往会使学生看到自己的差距,找到错误及其“症结”之所在,以便在教师帮助下“对症下药”,及时矫正。
例如有些学生近段时间听课不认真了,老师留得作业都记错了,教师就可以写下:Really listening in class means less work later.
You had better concentrate on class, or you will be regretful.
有些学生抄袭英语作文,或默写单词时存在抄袭现象,老师就可以这样写:Your work is too good to be true. How I wish to see a composition written on your own.
I am so sorry that you don't use your own head this time. Will you please do it all by yourself next time.
否定的批语要注意措辞,过于严厉很可能伤害学生的自尊心,这时不妨幽他一默。例如有些学生字迹潦草,老师就可以这样下批语:
Your handwriting is so special and peculiar that I am afraid only God knows what you have written.
How I wish I can read your script. But actually it is beyond my ability.相信学生看到这些谆谆教诲时,与老师相视一笑,莫逆于心。
四、祝福式批语
批语并不一定仅限于“纸上谈兵”,教师也可以与学生交流一些学习之外的事情。例如,可以借中学生关注自己外表形象方面写下:You are very sharp today. I like your new dress so much. 这样的交流犹如密友间的谈话,增进师生友谊。
教师的批语也要体现与时俱进,例如考试将近,教师就可以这样写来叮嘱和祝福学生考出好成绩:
The final exam is upcoming. I hope that you will review what we have learned once again.
Wish you good luck in the approaching examination.
You are hardworking these days. Your hard work is sure to pay off.
Don't get tense in the finals. Just try your hardest and be confident in yourself.相信学 生看到这样的批语内心一定涌动着温暖的潮流。不光是考试,就连平日的节日也可以就题发挥。例如下列批语:
I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year!
Wish you good luck in whatever you do.
I hope that the new year will be a fruitful one for you and your family.
Send my season's greetings to all of you. Have a nice day.
Have a good holiday and a good journey back home.
Take care on your way.
这些话语看似简单,却包含着老师对学生的关爱之情,生活中也往往是那些小细节每每让我们感动。实践证明,祝福式批语深得学生的好评,让学生感觉老师的关怀时刻伴随在自己身边,有些学生也在作业上用英语回应:Thank you for your good wishes. The same to you或I will do as what you told me to. I will not let you down.很明显,这时的作业不在是接受批判的材料,而是师生交流的平台,通过这个平台,学生也锻炼了写和说的能力。
批语有它特有的情感魅力和教育意义,好的批语是一种教学艺术,通过此文希望引起老师们对批语的重视。