inging or dancing? I like dancing better.
4. 反意疑问句:
反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。
(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。
I am your teacher, aren’t I?
He didn’t study hard, did he?
(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词,如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。如:
They hardly write to each other, do they?
He has found nothing, has he?
Few people knew the secret, did they?
(3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”,而译成汉语时,则必须把yes译“不是”,把no译成“是的”。
---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久,是吗?
---Yes, I will.不,我会离开很久。
---No, I won’t.是的,我不会离开很久。
---I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车,会吗?
---Yes, she will.不,她会骑自行车来。
---No, she won’t.是的,她不会骑自行车来。
四. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。
1. what引导的感叹句:
(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
What a beautiful city it is!
What an interesting story she told!
(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
What expensive watches they are!
What terrible weather it is!
2.How引导的感叹句:
(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How cold it is!
How hard he works!
(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How he loves his son!
How I miss you!
(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How tall a tree it is!
(4)上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如:
What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!
What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!
【实例解析】
1. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)
_________ useful computer it is!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
答案:B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词computer, 所以要用what来修饰,又因为useful第一个发音是辅音,what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用an。
2. (2004年嘉兴市中考试题)
---________ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?
---I’m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus.
A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How far
答案:D。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离,所以应用how far来提问。
3. (2004年河北省中考试题)
---_______ will it take us to get there by bus?
---About two hours.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick
答案:C。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问时间,所以应用how long来提问。
4. (2004年长沙市中考试题)
---Help! There is a snake near the house.
---________ afraid. It will go away later.
A. Don’t B. Not C. Don’t be D. Be
答案:C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是:“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 符合这一要求的只有C。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop?
---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.
A. how B. what C. where D. who
2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?
---About half an hour’s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it?
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much
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